Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men, and while not all risk factors can be controlled, understanding them is the first step toward prevention and early detection.
Age
The risk of prostate cancer increases as men get older. It is most often diagnosed in men over the age of 50.
Family History
Men with a father, brother, or son who has had prostate cancer are at higher risk—especially if the relative was diagnosed at an early age.
Race and Ethnicity
African American men are more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer and are often diagnosed at a more advanced stage.
Lifestyle and Diet
High-fat diets, obesity, and lack of physical activity may play a role in increasing risk.
Genetics
Inherited mutations, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2, can also raise prostate cancer risk.
When to Be Tested
- Average risk: Men should start talking to their doctor about prostate cancer screening at age 50.
- High risk (African American men or those with a family history): Discussions should start earlier, around age 40–45.
Screening usually involves a PSA blood test (prostate-specific antigen) and may include a digital rectal exam (DRE).
What you can do: While you can’t change your age, race, or family history, you can adopt healthy lifestyle habits, maintain regular checkups, and speak with your doctor about the right time to begin testing.
